در ایران زندانیان
سیاسی از ملاقات و خدمات پزشکی محروم اند
دیده بان حقوق بشر، عفو بین الملل، کمپین بین المللی حقوق بشر در ایران، گزارشگران بدون مرز، فدراسیون بین المللی جامعه های حقوق بشر، و جامعه دفاع از حقوق بشر در ایران همراه با شیرین عبادی، بار دیگر از دولت‌مداران ایرانی می‌خواهند تا احکام محکومیت فعالان مسالمت جو را لغو و آنان را بدون قید و شرط آزاد کنند.
البرز نیوز: (پاریس،
لندن، نیویورک،٣١ اکتبر ٢٠١٢ ـ ١٠ آبان ١٣٩١) - شیرین عبادی برندۀ جایزۀ صلح نوبل،
به همراه شش سازمان مدافع حقوق بشری اعلام کردند که دستگاه قضایی و مسئولان زندان‌های
ایران باید به بدرفتاری با وکیل برجستۀ مدافع حقوق بشر، نسرین ستوده پایان دهند.
شیرین عبادی و سازمانهای مدافع حقوق بشری، همچنین از مقامات ایران خواستند تا
اجازه دهند، تمام زندانیان مطابق با حقوق بین‌المللی حقوق بشر از مراقبت‌های پزشکی
و حق دیدار با خانواده برخوردار شوند.
دیده
بان حقوق بشر، عفو بین الملل، کمپین بین المللی حقوق بشر در ایران، گزارشگران بدون
مرز، فدراسیون بین المللی جامعه های حقوق بشر، و جامعه دفاع از حقوق بشر در ایران
همراه با شیرین عبادی، بار دیگر از دولت‌مردان ایرانی می‌خواهند تا احکام محکومیت
فعالان مسالمت جو را لغو کنند و آنها را بدون قید و شرط آزاد کنند.
شیرین
عبادی گفت: «هیچ یک از روزنامه‌نگاران، وکلای حقوق بشری و مدافعان حقوق بشر که
تنها برای فعالیت مسالمت آمیزشان بازداشت شده‌اند، نباید در زندان باشند. تحت فشار
قرار دادن فرزند یک زندانی، محروم کردن وی از دیدار با خانوادهاش و دسترسی به
مراقبت پزشکی تنها باعث بدتر جلوه کردن ایران در چشم جهانیان می شود.»
از
زمان دستگیری نسرین ستوده در شهریور ١٣٨٩، مقامات مسئول این وکیل حقوق بشری ٤٧
ساله و مادر دو فرزند خردسال را بارها در سلول انفرادی نگاه داشته‌اند و از ملاقات
منظم و صحبت با خانوادهاش محروم کرده‌اند. مقامات زندان در ایران، در چند ماه
گذشته مرتبا دیگر زندانیان سیاسی را نیز از ملاقاتهای منظم با نزدیکان‌شان و
دسترسی مناسب به درمان پزشکی محروم کرده‌اند.
رضا
خندان، همسر نسرین ستوده به گروه‌های حقوق بشری گفت که : " نسرین ستوده که از
تاریخ ١٧ اکتبر ٢٠١٢ (٢٦ مهر ١٣٩١) دست به اعتصاب غذا زد، به بهداری زندان اوین
منتقل شده است. وی گفت که اعتصاب غذای ستوده در واکنش به آزار و اذیت خانوادهاش
توسط مقامات و محدودیت بر حق ملاقات وی است. خانم عبادی و شش سازمان حقوق بشری
گفتند: «ما جدأ از شرایط نسرین ستوده نگرانیم و مسئولیت‌های دولت‌مردان ایران را
خاطرنشان می کنیم».
در
روز ٢٦ اکتبر ٢٠١٢ (٥ آبان ١٣٩١)، پارلمان اروپا اعلام کرد که جایزۀ آزادی اندیشۀ
ساخاروف امسال را به نسرین ستوده و فیلمساز ایرانی جعفر پناهی اعطاء کرده است.
رضا
خندان گفت که "ستوده اعتصاب غذای خود را پس از شنیدن اینکه مقامات قوۀ قضاییه
دختر ١٢ سال‌اش را احضار کرده اند تا به وی تفهیم کنند که اجازۀ سفر به خارج از
ایران را ندارد، آغاز کرد." رضا خندان گفت، که " نسرین ستوده احساس می‌کرد
برای ابراز اعتراض خود به آزار و اذیت خانوادهاش توسط مقامات و عدم رعایت حق
ملاقات خود، جز دست زدن به اعتصاب إذا، چاره دیگری ندارد". در سه ماه گذشته،
مقامات زندان اوین از ملاقات حضوری فرزندان ستوده با وی جلوگیری کرده اند و به شدت
امکان ارتباط تلفنی او از زندان را محدود کرده‌اند. آنها تقریبا یک سال است که از
ملاقات نسرین ستوده با مادر و برادرش جلوگیری می کنند.
در
ژانویۀ ٢٠١١ (دی ١٣٨٩)، دادگاه انقلاب ستوده را به اتهامات "اقدام علیه امنیت
ملی" و "تبلیغ علیه نظام" به ١١ سال زندان و ٢٠ سال محرومیت از
اشتغال به حرفۀ وکالت و سفر به خارج محکوم کرد. اما چند ماه بعد دادگاه تجدید نظر
حکم زندان وی را به ٦ سال و حکم محرومیت وی از حرفۀ وکالت و سفر به خارج را به ١٠
سال تقلیل داد. بنا بر قوانین ایران، دادگاههای عمومی و انقلاب اختیار منع کردن
وکلا از حرفۀ وکالت را ندارند و این امر در اختیار دادگاه انتظامی قضات است.
مسئولان
زندان اوین از ملاقات منظم دو روزنامه‌نگار زندانی، ژیلا بنی یعقوب و مهسا
امرآبادی، با همسران‌شان که در زندان دیگری نگهداری می‌شوند، جلوگیری می‌کنند.
سازمانهای حقوق بشری از منابع مطلع گزارشهایی دریافت کرده‌اند که ژیلا بنی یعقوب،
که در حال گذراندن یک سال محکومیت زندان خود در بند ٣٥٠ زندان اوین است، از زمان
زندانی شدن در سپتامبر ٢٠١٢ (شهریور ١٣٩١) نتوانسته با همسر روزنامه‌نگار خود بهمن
احمدی امویی ملاقات داشته باشد. این روزنامه‌نگار در حال سپری کردن محکومیت پنج
سالۀ خود به اتهام "تبلیغ علیه نظام" و "توهین به رییس جمهور"
در زندان رجایی شهر در ٤٧ کیلومتری غرب تهران است.
مهسا
امرآبادی نیز حکم یک سال زندان را می گذراند و همسر روزنامه نگارش مسعود باستانی
در حال گذراندن حکم شش سال زندان است، هر دو به جرایم "امنیتی" از این
میان "تبلیغ علیه نظام"، برای نوشتن مقالاتی در خصوص انتخابات ریاست
جمهوری مورد مناقشۀ سال ١٣٨٨ محکوم شده‌اند. مقامات ایرانی مهسا امرآبادی را در
زندان اوین و همسرش را در زندان رجایی شهر نگهداری می‌کنند.
مقامات
از دسترسی دو زندانی زن به نامهای بهاره هدایت و محبوبه کرمی به خدمات پزشکی مورد
نیازشان جلوگیری می‌کنند. بنا به گزارشهایی که گروه‌های حقوق بشری از منابع خود
دریافت کرده اند، مقامات از دسترسی محبوبه کرمی به مراقبت‌های روانشناختی برای
افسردگی شدید و فلج کننده خودداری می‌کنند. دادگاه انقلاب محبوبه کرمی را به اتهام
های "امنیتی" به سه سال زندان محکوم کرده است. بهاره هدایت برای درمان
مشکلات کلیوی و مجرای گوارشی از مرخصی برخوردار شد، اما پیش از بهبودی کامل مجبور
شد به زندان بازگردد. او در حال حاضر محکومیت ١٠ سال زندان را به اتهامات مربوط به
امنیت ملی سپری می‌کند. مقامات قضایی ایران به طور منظم حق برخورداری از مشاورۀ
حقوقی را برای زندانیان سیاسی مشکل تر کرده‌اند. بسیاری از وکلای برجسته حقوق بشری
با اتهاماتی که مستقیما به دفاع از موکلینشان مربوط است در حال حاضر در زندان به
سر می‌برند و این تاثیر بسیار وحشت آوری بر سایر وکلای دادگستری داشته است.
جاوید
هوتن کیان در حال حاضر حکم ١١ سال زندان به اتهام "اقدام علیه امنیت
ملی" را سپری می کند. مقامات ایرانی جاوید هوتن کیان را در اکتبر سال ٢٠١٠
(مهر ١٣٨٩) پس از اینکه در خصوص پروندۀ موکلش سکینه محمدی آشتیانی اطلاع رسانی
کرد، دستگیر کردند. محمدی آشتیانی در سال ٢٠٠٦ (١٣٨٥) به اعدام به وسیله سنگسار
محکوم شده بود، اما توجه بین‌المللی باعث شد که حکم وی معلق شود.
جاوید
هوتن کیان از زمان دستگیری اش در سپتامبر ٢٠١٠ (شهریور ١٣٨٩)، بسیار کم از حق
ملاقات برخوردار بوده و با وجود اینکه از بیماری بسیار جدی گوارشی رنج می‌برد، از
خدمات پزشکی مناسب بهره‌مند نشده است.
در
تاریخ ٤ مارس ٢٠١٢ (١٤ اسفند ١٣٩٠)، وکیل برجستۀ حقوق بشری عبدالفتاح سلطانی مطلع
شد، که دادگاه انقلاب وی را به ١٨ سال زندان و ٢٠ سال محرومیت از اشتغال به حرفۀ
وکالت محکوم کرده است و وی را برای اجرای حکم زندانش به برازجان، در فاصله تقریبا
١٢٠٠ کیلومتری جنوب تهران تبعید کرده است. دادستانی تهران، عبدالفتاح سلطانی را به
"تبلیغ علیه نظام" و "اجتماع و تبانی علیه نظام" و
"تشکیل یک گروه غیر قانونی" یعنی کانون مدافعان حقوق بشر" که وی و
شیرین عبادی با هم آن را تاسیس کرده بودند، متهم کرد. دادگاه تجدید نظر حکم زندان
سلطانی را به ١٣ سال تقلیل داد، اما محرومیت وی از اشتغال به حرفۀ وکالت را تایید
کرد.
در
ماه آوریل ٢٠١٢(فروردین ١٣٩١)، دادگاه تجدید نظر، حکم نه سال زندان محمد علی
دادخواه، یک وکیل دیگر دادگستری را به اتهامات مربوط به مصاحبه با رسانه های خارجی
و عضویت در کانون مدافعان حقوق بشر، تایید کرد. دادگاه همچنین محمدعلی دادخواه را
به پرداخت جریمه و شلاق محکوم و وی را از اشتغال به وکالت و تدریس به مدت ١٠ سال
محروم کرد.
محمد
سیف زاده، وکیل حقوق بشری و یک عضو دیگر کانون مدافعان حقوق بشر، در حال سپری کردن
محکومیت دو ساله خویش به اتهامات مشابه است، در حالیکه پرونده‌های دیگری نیز علیه
وی در جریان است.
قوانین
ایران و حقوق بین المللی مقرر می‌دارند، که مقامات زندان باید به تمام زندانیان
خدمات مناسب پزشکی ارائه کنند. بر اساس آیین نامه سازمان زندان‌های ایران،
زندانیان در صورت لزوم باید به بیمارستانی خارج از محل زندان منتقل شوند. مقررات
حداقل استاندارد برای رفتار با زندانیان مصوب سازمان ملل متحد مقامات را ملزم می‌کند
که زندانیانی را که به درمان تخصصی نیاز دارند به موسسات تخصصی، شامل بیمارستان
های عادی، اعزام کنند.
هم قوانین ایران و هم حقوق بین‌المللی مقامات
زندان را ملزم به ارائۀ امکانات حداقلی به کلیۀ زندانیان و دادن اجازه ملاقاتهای
منظم به آنان، شامل ملاقات های شخصی با اعضاء خانواده، و رفتارِ با عزت و احترام
با آنان می دانند. میثاق جهانی حقوق مدنی و سیاسی، که ایران عضو متعاهد آن است،
رفتار یا مجازات های غیر انسانی یا تحقیرآمیز را منع می‌کند.
For Immediate Release
Iran: Political Prisoners Denied Visits, Care
Sakharov Prize-winner Sotoudeh’s Detention Highlights Denial of Basic Rights
(Paris, London, New York, October 31, 2012) – Iran's judiciary and prison authorities should end mistreatment of the prominent rights lawyer Nasrin Sotoudeh, Nobel peace laureate Shirin Ebadi and six human rights organizations said today. Ebadi and the rights groups also called on Iran’s authorities to allow all prisoners access to necessary medical care and family visits to which they are entitled under international human rights law.
Human Rights Watch, Amnesty International, the International Campaign for Human Rights in Iran, Reporters Without Borders (RSF), the International Federation for Human Rights (FIDH), and the Iranian League for the Defence of Human Rights (LDDHI), joined by Ebadi, renewed their call on authorities to quash the peaceful activists’ convictions and release them unconditionally.
“Journalists, human rights lawyers and rights defenders held solely on account of their peaceful activities – none of these people should be in prison in the first place,” said Ebadi. “Bullying a prisoner’s child or denying the person family visits and medical care only makes Iran look even worse in the eyes of the world.”
Since the arrest in 2010 of Sotoudeh, a 47-year-old human rights lawyer and mother of two children, authorities have frequently held her in solitary confinement and prevented her from regularly meeting or speaking with her family. Iranian prison authorities have, in the past few months, routinely denied other political prisoners regular visits by their loved ones and access to adequate medical treatment.
Sotoudeh is being treated in the infirmary of Evin prison after she initiated a hunger strike on October 17, 2012, her husband, Reza Khandan, told the rights groups. He said the hunger strike was in response to harassment of her family by the authorities and restrictions on her visitation rights. The six human rights organizations and Ebadi said: “We are seriously concerned about Nasrin Sotoudeh and point out the Iranian authorities’ responsibilities.”
On October 26, 2012, the European Parliament announced that it had awarded this year’s Sakharov Prize for Freedom of Thought to Sotoudeh and the Iranian filmmaker Jafar Panahi.
Khandan said that Sotoudeh initiated her hunger strike after hearing that judiciary officials had summoned her 12-year-old daughter to inform her that she would not be allowed to travel abroad. Khandan said that Sotoudeh felt “she had no choice” but to go on hunger strike to express her objection to the authorities’ harassment of her family and denial of her visitation rights. For the past three months, Evin prison authorities have prevented Sotoudeh’s children from visiting their mother face to face and severely restricted Sotoudeh’s ability to make telephone calls from prison. They have prohibited her from seeing her mother and brother for almost a year.
In January 2011 a Revolutionary Court sentenced Sotoudeh to 11 years in prison and barred her from practicing law or leaving the country for 20 years after her conviction on charges of “acting against the national security” and “propaganda against the system.” An appeals court reduced her sentence to six years and a 10-year ban on travel and practicing law. Criminal and Revolutionary Courts do not have the authority under Iranian law to ban lawyers from practicing, however, as this comes under the Disciplinary Court for Judges.
Evin prison officials have denied imprisoned journalists Jila Baniyaghoob and Mahsa Amrabadi regular personal visits with their husbands, who are in different prisons. Rights groups have received reports from informed sources that Baniyaghoob, who is serving a one-year sentence in Ward 350 of Evin prison, has not been permitted a visit from her husband, Bahman Ahmadi-Amoui (Ahmadi Amou'i), also a journalist, since her prison term began in September 2012. Amoui is serving a five-year sentence in Rajai Shahr prison, 47 kilometers west of Tehran, on charges that include “propaganda against the system” and “insulting the president.”
Amrabadi is serving a one-year sentence and her husband, Masoud Bastani, also a journalist, is serving a six-year sentence, both on security-related charges including “propaganda against the state” for articles they wrote regarding the disputed 2009 presidential election. The Iranian authorities are holding Amrabadi in Evin, while her husband is in Rajai Shahr prison.
Officials have denied needed medical care to two female political detainees, Bahareh Hedayat and Mahboubeh Karami. Sources told the rights groups that officials have denied Karami access to adequate psychological care for her severe and debilitating depression. A Revolutionary Court sentenced Karami to three years on national security-related charges. Hedayat was allowed to leave prison to seek medical treatment for kidney and digestive tract problems but was forced to return before she had fully recovered. She is serving a 10-year prison term on national security charges.
Iranian judicial and security officials have regularly made it harder for political prisoners to exercise their right to legal counsel. Many prominent rights lawyers are serving prison sentences themselves on charges directly related to their defense of their clients, which has a chilling effect on lawyers providing services.
Javid Houtan Kiyan (Houtan Kian) is serving an 11-year sentence, charged with “acting against national security.” Iranian authorities arrested Houtan Kian in October 2010 after he publicized the case of his client, Sakineh Mohammadi Ashtiani. In 2006 she was sentenced to death by stoning, though the resulting international attention led to suspension of her sentence.
Iran: Political Prisoners Denied Visits, Care
Sakharov Prize-winner Sotoudeh’s Detention Highlights Denial of Basic Rights
(Paris, London, New York, October 31, 2012) – Iran's judiciary and prison authorities should end mistreatment of the prominent rights lawyer Nasrin Sotoudeh, Nobel peace laureate Shirin Ebadi and six human rights organizations said today. Ebadi and the rights groups also called on Iran’s authorities to allow all prisoners access to necessary medical care and family visits to which they are entitled under international human rights law.
Human Rights Watch, Amnesty International, the International Campaign for Human Rights in Iran, Reporters Without Borders (RSF), the International Federation for Human Rights (FIDH), and the Iranian League for the Defence of Human Rights (LDDHI), joined by Ebadi, renewed their call on authorities to quash the peaceful activists’ convictions and release them unconditionally.
“Journalists, human rights lawyers and rights defenders held solely on account of their peaceful activities – none of these people should be in prison in the first place,” said Ebadi. “Bullying a prisoner’s child or denying the person family visits and medical care only makes Iran look even worse in the eyes of the world.”
Since the arrest in 2010 of Sotoudeh, a 47-year-old human rights lawyer and mother of two children, authorities have frequently held her in solitary confinement and prevented her from regularly meeting or speaking with her family. Iranian prison authorities have, in the past few months, routinely denied other political prisoners regular visits by their loved ones and access to adequate medical treatment.
Sotoudeh is being treated in the infirmary of Evin prison after she initiated a hunger strike on October 17, 2012, her husband, Reza Khandan, told the rights groups. He said the hunger strike was in response to harassment of her family by the authorities and restrictions on her visitation rights. The six human rights organizations and Ebadi said: “We are seriously concerned about Nasrin Sotoudeh and point out the Iranian authorities’ responsibilities.”
On October 26, 2012, the European Parliament announced that it had awarded this year’s Sakharov Prize for Freedom of Thought to Sotoudeh and the Iranian filmmaker Jafar Panahi.
Khandan said that Sotoudeh initiated her hunger strike after hearing that judiciary officials had summoned her 12-year-old daughter to inform her that she would not be allowed to travel abroad. Khandan said that Sotoudeh felt “she had no choice” but to go on hunger strike to express her objection to the authorities’ harassment of her family and denial of her visitation rights. For the past three months, Evin prison authorities have prevented Sotoudeh’s children from visiting their mother face to face and severely restricted Sotoudeh’s ability to make telephone calls from prison. They have prohibited her from seeing her mother and brother for almost a year.
In January 2011 a Revolutionary Court sentenced Sotoudeh to 11 years in prison and barred her from practicing law or leaving the country for 20 years after her conviction on charges of “acting against the national security” and “propaganda against the system.” An appeals court reduced her sentence to six years and a 10-year ban on travel and practicing law. Criminal and Revolutionary Courts do not have the authority under Iranian law to ban lawyers from practicing, however, as this comes under the Disciplinary Court for Judges.
Evin prison officials have denied imprisoned journalists Jila Baniyaghoob and Mahsa Amrabadi regular personal visits with their husbands, who are in different prisons. Rights groups have received reports from informed sources that Baniyaghoob, who is serving a one-year sentence in Ward 350 of Evin prison, has not been permitted a visit from her husband, Bahman Ahmadi-Amoui (Ahmadi Amou'i), also a journalist, since her prison term began in September 2012. Amoui is serving a five-year sentence in Rajai Shahr prison, 47 kilometers west of Tehran, on charges that include “propaganda against the system” and “insulting the president.”
Amrabadi is serving a one-year sentence and her husband, Masoud Bastani, also a journalist, is serving a six-year sentence, both on security-related charges including “propaganda against the state” for articles they wrote regarding the disputed 2009 presidential election. The Iranian authorities are holding Amrabadi in Evin, while her husband is in Rajai Shahr prison.
Officials have denied needed medical care to two female political detainees, Bahareh Hedayat and Mahboubeh Karami. Sources told the rights groups that officials have denied Karami access to adequate psychological care for her severe and debilitating depression. A Revolutionary Court sentenced Karami to three years on national security-related charges. Hedayat was allowed to leave prison to seek medical treatment for kidney and digestive tract problems but was forced to return before she had fully recovered. She is serving a 10-year prison term on national security charges.
Iranian judicial and security officials have regularly made it harder for political prisoners to exercise their right to legal counsel. Many prominent rights lawyers are serving prison sentences themselves on charges directly related to their defense of their clients, which has a chilling effect on lawyers providing services.
Javid Houtan Kiyan (Houtan Kian) is serving an 11-year sentence, charged with “acting against national security.” Iranian authorities arrested Houtan Kian in October 2010 after he publicized the case of his client, Sakineh Mohammadi Ashtiani. In 2006 she was sentenced to death by stoning, though the resulting international attention led to suspension of her sentence.
Since his arrest in September 2010, Houtan Kian has
had minimal visitation rights but has not received adequate medical care
despite suffering from a serious digestive illness.
On March 4, 2012, the prominent rights lawyer Abdolfattah Soltani learned that a Revolutionary Court had sentenced him to 18 years in prison, barred him from practicing law for 20 years, and ordered him to serve his sentence in Barazjan, about 1200 kilometers south of Tehran.
Prosecutors charged Soltani with “propaganda against the system,” “assembly and collusion against the state,” and “establishing an illegal group” – namely, the Center for Human Rights Defenders (CHRD), which Soltani co-founded with Ebadi. An appeals court later reduced Soltani’s sentence to 13 years but upheld the 20-year ban on practicing law.
In April 2012, an appeals court upheld a nine-year sentence for another lawyer, Mohammad Ali Dadkhah, on charges related to interviews with foreign media and membership in CHRD. The court also sentenced Dadkhah to fines and flogging and banned him practicing law and teaching for 10 years. Mohammad Seifzadeh, another rights lawyer and member of CHRD, is serving a two-year sentence on similar charges, with other cases pending against him.
International and Iranian law require prison authorities to provide all those held with adequate medical care. Iran’s State Prison Organization regulations state that, if necessary, detainees must be transferred to a hospital outside the prison facility. The United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners require that authorities transfer all those held needing specialist treatment to specialized institutions, including civilian hospitals.
Both Iranian law and international law require prison authorities to provide basic necessities to all prisoners, to allow them regular visits – including personal visits by family members, and to treat them with dignity and respect. The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, to which Iran is a state party, prohibits inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.
On March 4, 2012, the prominent rights lawyer Abdolfattah Soltani learned that a Revolutionary Court had sentenced him to 18 years in prison, barred him from practicing law for 20 years, and ordered him to serve his sentence in Barazjan, about 1200 kilometers south of Tehran.
Prosecutors charged Soltani with “propaganda against the system,” “assembly and collusion against the state,” and “establishing an illegal group” – namely, the Center for Human Rights Defenders (CHRD), which Soltani co-founded with Ebadi. An appeals court later reduced Soltani’s sentence to 13 years but upheld the 20-year ban on practicing law.
In April 2012, an appeals court upheld a nine-year sentence for another lawyer, Mohammad Ali Dadkhah, on charges related to interviews with foreign media and membership in CHRD. The court also sentenced Dadkhah to fines and flogging and banned him practicing law and teaching for 10 years. Mohammad Seifzadeh, another rights lawyer and member of CHRD, is serving a two-year sentence on similar charges, with other cases pending against him.
International and Iranian law require prison authorities to provide all those held with adequate medical care. Iran’s State Prison Organization regulations state that, if necessary, detainees must be transferred to a hospital outside the prison facility. The United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners require that authorities transfer all those held needing specialist treatment to specialized institutions, including civilian hospitals.
Both Iranian law and international law require prison authorities to provide basic necessities to all prisoners, to allow them regular visits – including personal visits by family members, and to treat them with dignity and respect. The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, to which Iran is a state party, prohibits inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.
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Distributed by: FIDH & LDDHI
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